/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 INRIA
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Mathieu Lacage <mathieu.lacage@sophia.inria.fr>
 */
#ifndef TIMER_H
#define TIMER_H

#include "event-id.h"
#include "fatal-error.h"
#include "int-to-type.h"
#include "nstime.h"

/**
 * \file
 * \ingroup timer
 * ns3::Timer class declaration.
 */

namespace ns3
{

/**
 * \ingroup core
 * \defgroup timer Virtual Time Timer and Watchdog
 *
 * The Timer and Watchdog objects both facilitate scheduling functions
 * to execute a specified virtual time in the future.
 *
 * A Watchdog timer cannot be paused or cancelled once it has been started,
 * however it can be lengthened (delayed).  A Watchdog takes no action
 * when it is destroyed.
 *
 * A Timer can be suspended, resumed, cancelled and queried for time left,
 * but it can't be extended (except by suspending and resuming).
 * In addition, it can be configured to take different actions when the
 * Timer is destroyed.
 */

class TimerImpl;

/**
 * \ingroup timer
 * \brief A simple virtual Timer class
 *
 * A (virtual time) timer is used to hold together a delay, a function to invoke
 * when the delay expires, and a set of arguments to pass to the function
 * when the delay expires.
 *
 * A Timer can be suspended, resumed, cancelled and queried for the
 * time left, but it can't be extended (except by suspending and
 * resuming).
 *
 * A timer can also be used to enforce a set of predefined event lifetime
 * management policies. These policies are specified at construction time
 * and cannot be changed after.
 *
 * \see Watchdog for a simpler interface for a watchdog timer.
 */
class Timer
{
  public:
    /**
     * The policy to use to manager the internal timer when an
     * instance of the Timer class is destroyed or suspended.
     *
     * In the case of suspension, only `CANCEL_ON_DESTROY` and
     * `REMOVE_ON_DESTROY` apply.
     *
     * These symbols have "Destroy" in their names
     * for historical reasons.
     */
    enum DestroyPolicy
    {
        /**
         * This policy cancels the event from the destructor of the Timer
         * or from Suspend().  This is typically faster than `REMOVE_ON_DESTROY`
         * but uses more memory.
         */
        CANCEL_ON_DESTROY = (1 << 3),
        /**
         * This policy removes the event from the simulation event list
         * when the destructor of the Timer is invoked, or the Timer is
         * suspended.  This is typically slower than Cancel, but frees memory.
         */
        REMOVE_ON_DESTROY = (1 << 4),
        /**
         * This policy enforces a check from the destructor of the Timer
         * to verify that the timer has already expired.
         */
        CHECK_ON_DESTROY = (1 << 5)
    };

    /** The possible states of the Timer. */
    enum State
    {
        RUNNING,   /**< Timer is currently running. */
        EXPIRED,   /**< Timer has already expired. */
        SUSPENDED, /**< Timer is suspended. */
    };

    /**
     * Create a timer with a default event lifetime management policy:
     *  - CHECK_ON_DESTROY
     */
    Timer();
    /**
     * \param [in] destroyPolicy the event lifetime management policies
     * to use for destroy events
     */
    Timer(DestroyPolicy destroyPolicy);
    ~Timer();

    /**
     * \tparam FN \deduced The type of the function.
     * \param [in] fn the function
     *
     * Store this function in this Timer for later use by Timer::Schedule.
     */
    template <typename FN>
    void SetFunction(FN fn);

    /**
     * \tparam MEM_PTR \deduced The type of the class member function.
     * \tparam OBJ_PTR \deduced The type of the class instance pointer.
     * \param [in] memPtr the member function pointer
     * \param [in] objPtr the pointer to object
     *
     * Store this function and object in this Timer for later use by
     * Timer::Schedule.
     */
    template <typename MEM_PTR, typename OBJ_PTR>
    void SetFunction(MEM_PTR memPtr, OBJ_PTR objPtr);

    /**
     * \tparam Ts \deduced Argument types
     * \param [in] args arguments
     *
     * Store these arguments in this Timer for later use by Timer::Schedule.
     */
    template <typename... Ts>
    void SetArguments(Ts... args);

    /**
     * \param [in] delay The delay
     *
     * The next call to Schedule will schedule the timer with this delay.
     */
    void SetDelay(const Time& delay);
    /**
     * \returns The currently-configured delay for the next Schedule.
     */
    Time GetDelay() const;
    /**
     * \returns The amount of time left until this timer expires.
     *
     * This method returns zero if the timer is in EXPIRED state.
     */
    Time GetDelayLeft() const;
    /**
     * Cancel the currently-running event if there is one. Do nothing
     * otherwise.
     */
    void Cancel();
    /**
     * Remove from the simulation event-list the currently-running event
     * if there is one. Do nothing otherwise.
     */
    void Remove();
    /**
     * \return \c true if there is no currently-running event,
     * \c false otherwise.
     */
    bool IsExpired() const;
    /**
     * \return \c true if there is a currently-running event,
     * \c false otherwise.
     */
    bool IsRunning() const;
    /**
     * \returns \c true if this timer was suspended and not yet resumed,
     * \c false otherwise.
     */
    bool IsSuspended() const;
    /**
     * \returns The current state of the timer.
     */
    Timer::State GetState() const;
    /**
     * Schedule a new event using the currently-configured delay, function,
     * and arguments.
     */
    void Schedule();
    /**
     * \param [in] delay the delay to use
     *
     * Schedule a new event using the specified delay (ignore the delay set by
     * Timer::SetDelay), function, and arguments.
     */
    void Schedule(Time delay);

    /**
     * Pause the timer and save the amount of time left until it was
     * set to expire.
     *
     * Subsequently calling Resume() will restart the Timer with the
     * remaining time.
     *
     * The DestroyPolicy set at construction determines
     * whether the underlying Simulator::Event is cancelled or removed.
     *
     * Calling Suspend on a non-running timer is an error.
     */
    void Suspend();
    /**
     * Restart the timer to expire within the amount of time left saved
     * during Suspend.
     * Calling Resume without a prior call to Suspend is an error.
     */
    void Resume();

  private:
    /** Internal bit marking the suspended timer state */
    static constexpr auto TIMER_SUSPENDED{1 << 7};

    /**
     * Bitfield for Timer State, DestroyPolicy and InternalSuspended.
     *
     * \internal
     * The DestroyPolicy, State and InternalSuspended state are stored
     * in this single bitfield.  The State uses the low-order bits,
     * so the other users of the bitfield have to be careful in defining
     * their bits to avoid the State.
     */
    int m_flags;
    /** The delay configured for this Timer. */
    Time m_delay;
    /** The future event scheduled to expire the timer. */
    EventId m_event;
    /**
     * The timer implementation, which contains the bound callback
     * function and arguments.
     */
    TimerImpl* m_impl;
    /** The amount of time left on the Timer while it is suspended. */
    Time m_delayLeft;
};

} // namespace ns3

/********************************************************************
 *  Implementation of the templates declared above.
 ********************************************************************/

#include "timer-impl.h"

namespace ns3
{

template <typename FN>
void
Timer::SetFunction(FN fn)
{
    delete m_impl;
    m_impl = MakeTimerImpl(fn);
}

template <typename MEM_PTR, typename OBJ_PTR>
void
Timer::SetFunction(MEM_PTR memPtr, OBJ_PTR objPtr)
{
    delete m_impl;
    m_impl = MakeTimerImpl(memPtr, objPtr);
}

template <typename... Ts>
void
Timer::SetArguments(Ts... args)
{
    if (m_impl == nullptr)
    {
        NS_FATAL_ERROR("You cannot set the arguments of a Timer before setting its function.");
        return;
    }
    m_impl->SetArgs(args...);
}

} // namespace ns3

#endif /* TIMER_H */
